Geophysics
Geophysical survey is the systematic collection of geophysical data for spatial studies. Detection and analysis of the geophysical signals form the core of Geophysical signal processing. The magnetic and gravitational fields emanating from the Earth's interior hold essential information concerning seismic activities and the internal structure. Hence, detection and analysis of the electric and Magnetic fields is very crucial. As the Electromagnetic and gravitational waves are multi-dimensional signals, all the 1-D transformation techniques can be extended to the analysis of these signals as well. Hence this article also discusses multi-dimensional signal processing techniques. Geophysical surveys may use a great variety of sensing instruments, and data may be collected from above or below the Earth's surface or from aerial, orbital, or marine platforms. Geophysical surveys have many applications in geology, archaeology, mineral and energy exploration, oceanography, and engineering. Geophysical surveys are used in industry as well as for academic research. The sensing instruments such as gravimeter, gravitational wave sensor, and magnetometers detect fluctuations in the gravitational and magnetic field. The data collected from a geophysical survey is analyzed to draw meaningful conclusions out of that. Analyzing the spectral density and the time-frequency localization of any signal is important in applications such as oil exploration and seismography.
Nature of work:
Geophysicists generally work in one of three areas:
- Acquisition;
- Processing;
- Interpretation.
Job descriptions and job titles vary according to your area of employment. However, geophysicists/field seismologists are generally involved in undertaking seismic exploration and producing controlled source seismic data for oil and gas companies or consultancies.
Some geophysicists/field seismologists may be involved in providing environmental consultancy, for example, the investigation of landfill sites using geophysical techniques, or may work within a research institute to investigate seismological structures and provide seismological information to the public and government.
Personality:
- Good IT skills to process data and produce three-dimensional models of geophysical features;
- Numerical skills;
- Project management skills;
- Analytical and problem-solving skills;
- Flexibility and adaptability;
- Attention to detail and the ability to record information accurately;
- The ability to express ideas and findings clearly, both orally and in writing to produce reports and make presentations;
- Team working skills;
- The ability to work to deadlines and under pressure;
- A desire to travel - worldwide travel is a key feature of this career;
- Commitment to continual learning.
Good color vision is also needed as the work may involve interpreting geological maps and differentiating between various rocks and minerals.
A driving license and evidence of good health may be required for some postings. For overseas work, a second language is an advantage, as well as cultural awareness and communication skills.
Professional courses, Duration and Eligibility Criteria:
To become a Geophysicist a degree in earth science, geophysics or geology is required. Those with a strong background in physics, mathematics or computer science can take a course in Geophysics. Geophysics can be studied at the masters and Ph.D. levels. IITs in India offer M.Sc. / M.Sc.-Ph.D. Dual Degree program. For M.Sc. program in geophysics candidates with minimum 50 per cent marks in B.Sc mathematics and physics as subjects are eligible. Positions in research require master’s degree.
Career prospects:
After a probationary period, progression might be too senior geophysicist, then team leader and then into a senior role in management. It is also possible to move into a specialist technical role or a generalist role with increased responsibility.
The ease of movement between roles depends on the company structure.
Study at Masters or Ph.D. level in a subject related to geophysics or geosciences may help with career development and progression. The employment market within the oil and gas industry is very dependent on price and this may affect opportunities for career progression.
A number of jobs available may change as a consequence of mergers between large petrochemical and exploration companies. However, not all jobs are dependent on the oil and gas industries. Freelance consultancy offers a good route for career development as well as the possibility of specializing in a specific area of geophysics. Geophysicists/field seismologists are likely to have several jobs throughout their working lives. Global mobility is crucial for dealing with peaks and troughs in different countries at different times.
Remuneration:
Salary of geophysicists varies depending on education, experience, position, employer and geographical location. In mining and oil exploration sector salary is lucrative. A fresher can expect to start with anything between Rs.15000/- to 25000/- per month which can shoot up with experience and talent. One can go ahead and reach administrative level after gaining experience and career advancement.
The salary ranges from Rs.1 lakh to Rs.2 lakh per month in administrative jobs depending upon the sector one has joined.
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