Disaster Management

Disaster Management

Introduction: 

"Disaster management" means a continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for prevention of danger or threat of any disaster, mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences, capacity-building, preparedness to deal with any disaster, prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster, assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster, evacuation, rescue and relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction. Disaster Management comprises all forms of activities including structural and nonstructural measures to avoid (i.e. prevention) or to limit (i.e. mitigation and preparedness) adverse effects of disasters in the pre-disaster phase and post-disaster stage like Response, Relief, Recovery, & Reconstruction.

Nature of work: 

• Research current case studies and techniques in disaster remediation and restoration 
• Advocate for the relationship between how humans may impact the natural environment and how disaster may ruin human engineering 
• Understand the scope and impact of applicable regulatory requirements 
• Use data-driven rubrics to assess human health after an event
• Use data-driven rubrics to evaluate affected ecology in a systematic but holistic way after a damaging event 
• If no regulations apply, create ad hoc standards to attempt to establish a benchmark and metrics 
• Act in accordance with best practice for processes, materials and human safety when standards and regulations are advisory but cost may be a concern 
• Use any existing data to determine the condition of the damage site prior to disaster 
• Measure anecdotal evidence against data to fully inform the picture of the damage site prior to disaster 
• Efficiently research how the disaster site was used, and any and all potential contaminants. Rank contaminants by hazard level in order to use remediation resources efficiently. 
• Classify damage by first, second and third wave in order to consider the full scope of the disaster on humans, environment and engineering 
• Conduct sampling and chemical analysis in the field
• Consider the logistics of disaster ‘spread' and how accessible the site in question is
• Conduct field sampling at intervals throughout the project and afterward 
• Meticulously document steps to restoration 
• Consult with engineers and stakeholders to plan an effective restoration process 
• Pump and treat water through chemical processes and filtration 
• Facilitate public inquiries on land or resource redevelopment 
• Approve paperwork and permits regarding zoning and other regulatory processes 
• Consider future uses of the site and whether disaster is likely to affect the site again 
• Draft designs, schematics and maps of varying types by hand and through computer programs

Personality: 

Skills You will need to have: 

• The ability to communicate with people at all levels; 
• The capacity to stay calm in stressful disaster situations; 
• Attention to detail and a thorough approach; 
• A logical approach and the ability to be creative in a high-pressure situation; 
• A flexible attitude, with the ability to manage a range of tasks at the same time; 
• The capability to work to deadlines and priorities tasks; 
• Project management skills; 
• Analytical and problem-solving skills.

Professional courses, Duration and Eligibility Criteria: 

Eligibility Criteria: 

Requirements for courses in disaster management varies according to the institution and the course they have introduced in the university. Before taking admission check with the institutions what grades and qualification you want to pursue before you submit the application. Students from any streams are eligible to join the course.

Candidate should have passed Higher Secondary Certificate Examination (10+2) with a minimum of 55% marks to pursue the certificate and bachelor course.

For PG Programmes: 

Candidate should hold graduation in any field from any recognized institute or a University.

For Ph.D.: 

Candidate should have minimum of 55% marks in the Post Graduation

Career Prospects:

Most people choose to develop their career in either emergency planning and management or business continuity management and will specialize in that area. However, there is scope for a possible move into another area after gaining experience.

With a relevant qualification, it is possible to move into: 

• Relief and development work; 
• Risk assessment and health and safety consultancy; 
• International relief and development work.

One of the more established professional career pathways exists within the local authorities across the country, where you may progress from an assistant emergency planning officer to emergency planning officer, and then into a senior management role. In these roles, you may specialize in a specific area, such as human or animal health and severe weather planning. Senior officers in local authorities tend to take on more staff management and development responsibilities, moving away from the direct planning and response aspects of the job.

Other career options include making a move from the public to the private sector, or moving into an emergency planning role overseas − supporting the work of government organizations in other parts of the world.

Remuneration:

Government and non-government organizations have their own salary packages, which is based on the industry standards. 

• At an entry level, one can earn around Rs 8,000 - Rs 10,000 per month 
• Candidates with 2 or 3 years experience can easily earn between Rs 15,000 - 20,000 per month. 
• Well experienced candidates can draw up to Rs 1, 50,000 per month.

Hospital Management

Hospital Management

Introduction: 

Hospital management is one among the top ten millennium professions which provides a direct link between healthcare facilities and those supplying the services they need. A career in Hospital Management involves ensuring effective utilization of physical and financial resources of the hospital as well as creating an organizational climate beneficial to the growth and development of the personnel. It is a difficult, challenging, and responsible and moreover, a demanding job.

Nature of Work: 

Hospital Management Career involves ensuring effective use of physical & financial resources of the hospital. It also helps to create an organizational climate which is beneficial to the growth & development of the persons. Hospital Managers & Administrators have become essential to manage hospitals & medical facilities. They are responsible for education, overall patient care, research & community health care related to the organization. Medical & Non-Medical background students can pursue a career in Hospital Management/Administration.

Personality: 

Technology Skills:
If you aren’t comfortable with technology, health services management is not for you. As a healthcare manager you will be responsible for keeping up to date with the latest coding and billing software. Hospitals and healthcare facilities now use electronic health records (EHR), which will require you to learn new software and make sure it is effective for the company as a whole.

Strong Management Skills:
You will be responsible for managing a large team, depending on the size of the facility you work for. If you work for a small hospital or healthcare facility, you could very well be in charge of overseeing the daily duties of the entire staff. You will need to have strong management skills and organizational skills to keep everyone on track and ensure that your hospital or healthcare facility runs smoothly.

Legal Knowledge:
Much of a health services administrator’s job revolves around understanding and implementing healthcare policies. You will need to understand the regulations in the healthcare industry and how those apply to your healthcare facility. The Bureau of Labor Statistics states that health service administrators will need to keep up on new laws and policies and know how to effectively adapt their hospital or healthcare facility accordingly.

Problem Solving Skills:
Health service administrators are often faced with detail-oriented tasks and situations that will call for effective problem solving skills. Whether it’s an issue with staff or administrative duties, you will need to be able to think creatively and face any task confidently. Having strong and creative problem solving skills will help you succeed as a health services manager.

Professional courses, Duration and Eligibility Criteria: 

UG:
B.Sc. - Allied Health Sciences 
B.Sc. - Health Sciences 
B.Sc. - Hospital Management 
Bachelor's Degree - Preventive Health

PG:
M.D. - Community Health Administration 
PGD - Dietetics& Therapeutic Nutrition 
M.Sc. - Dietics 
PGD - Fitness Management 
PGD - Health & Hospital Administration 
Master's Degree - Health Care 
MBA - Health Management 
Master's Degree - Health Sciences 
M.D. - Hospital Administration 
M.Sc. - Hospital Management 
M.Sc. - Public Health 
MPH - Public Health 
PGD - Public Health

Others:
Diploma - Health Administration
Diploma - Health and Hospital Management
Diploma - Health Information Administration
Diploma - Public Health

Eligibility Criteria: 

For admission into bachelor’s degree program a student should pass higher secondary education or 10+2 in any subjects. The duration for bachelor’s degree course is 3 years.

Career Prospects: 

There is a huge requirement for healthcare institutes in India. Institutes under this field have extended widely in rural and municipal areas. The growth in this field has provoked anticipation about the competence of funds, justice, access to services and the accessibility of financial mechanism to maintain private healthcare. A student can begin a career as pathologists, nurses or ward boys in hospitals, clinics and medical representatives. 
A pathologist must have a degree of Diploma in Medical Laboratory Tech while medical representatives require any one of the pharmaceutical qualifications such as D. Pharmacy, B. Pharmacy or M. Pharmacy.

Remuneration:

Salary of a health care professional depends upon what area he/she is choosing, educational qualification and experience. On other hand one can expect a salary of Rs.10, 000 to Rs.15, 000 per month at the initial stage and as experience increases the salary also increases.

Human Resource Management

Human Resource Management

Introduction:

Human resource management (HRM or simply HR) is the management of human resources. It is a function in the organizations designed to maximize employee performance in service of an employer's strategic objectives. HR is primarily concerned with the management of people within organizations, focusing on policies and on systems. HR departments and units in organizations typically undertake a number of activities, including employee benefits design, employee recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal, and rewarding (e.g., managing pay and benefits systems). HR also concerns itself with organizational change and industrial relations, that is, the balancing of organizational practices with requirements arising from collective bargaining and from governmental laws.

Nature of work: 

Under the direction of the County Administrator, performs complex administrative and professional work, planning and managing the County’s Human Resources programs and activities. Responsible for recruitment and employee selection, in close coordination with County departments; designing, planning, and implementing human resource programs and policies; employee classification and compensation; benefit coordination and implementation; employee wellness; coordination of workers’ compensation programs; providing training for supervisors on employee evaluations and ensuring that evaluations are completed in a timely manner. Other duties include counseling and advising department managers on employee matters and advising the County Administrator on employment related issues.

Personality: 

Interpersonal Skills:
Wearing many hats successfully requires strong interpersonal skills. The HR manager must interact with various types of people on a daily basis. Much of his day is spent interviewing prospective employees, attending budgeting meetings, addressing concerns from employees and management, and interacting with service providers, such as for healthcare and insurance benefits. Each time he comes into contact with people, he must relate to them so their questions are properly addressed and the employment sector of the company operates efficiently. He must be a “people person” who likes interacting with others.

Objectivity and Tact:
One of the most crucial aspects of an HR manager’s job is the ability to display objectivity and tact. She is required to address conflicts among employees, conduct performance appraisals on her own subordinates and hire the right employee for each open position. These processes require her to be objective rather than emotional so she makes decisions that positively impact the company. She should have a detached point of view in each situation rather than allow her personal feelings to sway her judgment. Further, she should deliver her words tactfully rather than brashly to avoid employees feeling hurt or disrespected.

Fairness and Resolve:
Acute awareness of employment discrimination laws is paramount to avoid breaking them. Your HR manager should treat all employees equally by complying with discrimination regulations. He must be firm in his decision once he has weighed a situation and arrived at a conclusion. Fickleness or indecisiveness indicates a lack of resolving, which can cause employees to view him as soft. 

Approachable and Compassionate:
Employees must feel they can approach the HR manager with their problems. They want to know that she truly listens to them and will help them find viable solutions to their issues. If an employee has a problem at work, it will likely affect his job performance. If the HR manager seems unapproachable, the employee will be reluctant to go to her. If she lacks compassion, he won’t trust her with his problem. This is particularly important to employee retention and productivity; workers often quit or become demotivated when they feel that HR or management doesn’t care about them.

Leadership Skills:
A good leader inspires his employees. He sets favorable examples for his employees to follow. For example, an employee who is admonished for frequently being late by a manager who is usually tardy himself can view the manager as hypocritical. HR managers are not exempt from company policies; if the manager follows them, the employees will be inclined to do so. An effective leader is also trustworthy. HR duties require confidentiality and the ability to keep employees’ personal information private. Your HR manager should have all the qualities of a good leader.

Considerations:
Your HR manager must have fine negotiation skills when making compensation offers to prospective employees or when trying to retain a valuable employee who has decided to resign. A keen sense of timing is also necessary to de-escalate conflicts before they become unmanageable. She should know what employees need to motivate them, as well as what the company requires to grow, and seek ways to achieve both. In short, the consummate HR manager is organized, able to multitask, discreet, team-oriented and forward-thinking -- a strategic planner, dedicated to constant improvement, ethical, impartial and dual-focused on the needs of the employee and the company.

Professional courses, Eligibility Criteria, and duration: 

List of Courses:

•  Diploma Courses in Human Resource Management 
• Certificate Courses in Human Resource Management 
• Executive Diploma Programme in Human Resource Management 
• Bachelor of Business Administration in Human Resource Management 
• Master in Human Resource Development 
• Master of Human Resource Management 
• Master of Business Administration in Human Resource Management 
• Master of Business Administration in Personnel Administration 
• Master Of Business Administration Human Resource Management 
• Post Graduate Program in Human Resource

Eligibility Criteria and Duration: 

UG: 
For admission in a bachelor’s degree, the candidate must have passed the higher secondary school certificate (10+2) examination. The duration for this course is 3 years. 

PG: 
The eligibility criteria for pursuing a master’s degree are holding a bachelor's degree. Students will have to attend an entrance exam such as MAT/CAT/XAT or ATMA to get admitted into this course. The duration for this course is 2 years.

Career Prospects: 

There are multiple job opportunities in this field. Almost all companies require HR administrators in the matters of hiring workers, their training, salary administration and handling union-management relations. HR managers are involved in recruitment and selection, compensation and benefits, retention and welfare as well as the firing of employees. 
HR graduates, especially graduates with a bachelor's degree in HR, human resources administration, or industrial and labor relations should manage to acquire a decent job any MNCs, corporate houses, industries, schools, and colleges. Those with a business or technical background or liberal arts education will also find the adequate number of jobs in India. Demand for human resources, training and labor relations managers and specialists mostly depend on the economic scenario of the country and the staffing needs of the companies in which they work.

Remuneration: 

HR Management is a lucrative field. The salary of HR professionals differs depending on the company, economic activity, geographic location, and profitability. Well-experienced HR administrators can earn around Rs. 10000 - Rs. 30000 every month particularly in private organizations. Graduate professionals from good B-schools can earn between 3 lacs to 5 lacs per annum. The remuneration also depends upon individual’s qualification and experience. Professionals in senior level position can earn around Rs 50,000 to 60,000 every month.